Using the information from the video fill in the chart below. Check the Word Bank in the dictionary.

 

41. Fill in the table (use the information from the video):

Parts of the appendicular joints
Bones of the fore-limbs
Bones of the hind-limbs
Bone of the shoulder girdle
Bone of the pelvic girdle
Types of joints

 

Group Work. Write down 4-6 sentences to sum up the information in the video.

summary

Read the text and point out the main idea of the text.

Does the main idea correspond to the title of the text?

Bones – the bearings of skeleton

Microscopic Structure of Bones

The skeleton’s mass is made up of nonliving bone matrix and many tiny bone cells. Roughly half of the bone matrix’s mass is water, while the other half is collagen protein and solid crystals of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. Living bone cells are found on the edges of bones and in small cavities inside of the bone matrix. Although these cells make up very little of the total bone mass, they have several very important roles in the functions of the skeletal system. The bone cells allow bones to: grow and develop, be repaired following an injury or daily wear and be broken down to release their stored minerals.

How are bones formed? Bones are formed by the ossification of cartilage. What this really means is all bones start off as cartilage (normally in the womb) and they gradually turn to hard bone (ossification) over a period of years. Calcium is needed for strong bone growth

Types of bones

While all bones are made of similar tissue, there are a few different kinds of bones that have different characteristics and growth patterns, which allow them to serve their different functions in the human body.There are 5 types of bones in the human body. These are long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones and sesamoid bones.

Long bones are those that play a vital role in locomotion and in supporting our weight against the force of gravity. These include the long bones of the arms, legs, hands, and feet. Short bones are roughly cube-shaped bones that offer support and mobility in complex structures like the wrist and ankles. Flat bones serve the primary purpose of protecting important organs. These bones do not require the same range of motion like the short bones, and do not undergo pronounced growth like the long bones. Irregular bones are bones that have complex shapes, which allow them to serve highly specific purposes. They often serve to both protect internal organs and give structure to the body. Sesamoid bones are bones that are embedded in tendons, and which provide additional shielding and cushioning for high-stress, high motion areas of the body.

Describe the structure of the bone (2-3 sentences). What are the main types of bones?

Choose and put down 10 key words or word combinations from the text.

Compose 5 sentences reflecting the main idea of the text using the word combinations you have found in the text.