Using Concept Map render the text Normal Structure of Blood Vessels and their Types

Grammar (Revision)

Past Participle

45. Translate the sentences into Russian paying your attention to Past Participle.

1.The circulatory system, also called the vascular system, is an organ system. 2. Humans have a closed cardiovascular system, meaning that the blood never leaves the network of arteries, veins and capillaries. 3. The systemic circulation supplies the body with oxygenated blood.4. Arteries branch into smaller passages called arterioles. 5. There are many valves found in veins throughout the body. 6. However, there are no valves found in any of the other arteries besides the aorta and pulmonary trunk. 7. Blood leaving the digestive organs is rich in nutrients and other chemicals absorbed from food. 8. The heart, which is only about the size of a closed fist and is roughly cone-shaped. 9. The heart is a muscular pumping organ located medial to the lungs along the body’s midline in the thoracic region. 10. The bottom tip of the heart, known as its apex, is turned to the left. 11. The top of the heart, known as the heart’s base, connects to the great blood vessels of the body: the aorta, vena cava, pulmonary trunk, and pulmonary veins. 12. The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood to the lungs. 13. There are four chambers, enclosed by thick, muscular walls. 14. Valves are fibrous flaps of tissue found between the heart chambers and in the blood vessels. 15. This three layered structure is characteristic of both veins and arteries. 16. Blood carried by arteries is usually highly oxygenated.

- Ing Forms

46. Translate the sentences into Russian paying your attention to – ing forms.

1. The circulatory system permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilizing temperature and pH, and maintaining homeostasis. 2. The aorta arches and gives branches supplying the upper part of the body after passing through the aortic opening of the diaphragm at the level of the thoracic tenth vertebra, it enters the abdomen. 3. When the aorta receives almost five liters of blood from the heart, it recoils and is responsible for pulsating blood pressure. 4. Moreover, as aorta branches into smaller arteries, their elasticity goes on decreasing and their compliance goes on increasing. 5. The veins of the stomach and intestines perform a unique function: instead of carrying blood directly back to the heart, they carry blood to the liver through the hepatic portal vein. 6. To facilitate the movement of blood, some veins contain many one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing away from the heart.7. Blood is a fluid consisting of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets that is circulated by the heartthrough the vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials away from all body tissues.

47.Think of the key words and word combinations relating to the topic ‘Circulatory System’

48. Complete the conceptual map with key words and word combinations.